"Yes, in Gultberg the--"

A bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886. The bomb blast and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of seven officers and at least four civilians; dozens of others were wounded.

Oh, no, no.

Yes, in Gultberg the...

An interjection meaning Oh, Ah, or Alas.

A steadfast supporter of a person, party, or cause; a follower, a loyalist.

involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.

A derogatory French term used by the Allies during WW I and WW II referring to German soldiers and to Germans collectively.

A United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.

An exclusive group of people with shared interests.

Members of a Christian denomination deriving from the English Independents of the 17th century and affirming the essential importance and the autonomy of the local congregation.

Scornful; feeling or expressing deep hatred or disapproval.

Law that prohibited any company or individual from bringing unskilled immigrants into the United States to work under contract.

To cause to become wavy, bent, or pinched (such as the margins of a pie crust).

Said of infants and young children suffering from the croup, or episodes of difficult breathing and low-pitched cough resembling the bark of a seal.

The Act, which took effect January 1, 1863, granted 160 acres of unappropriated public lands to anyone who paid a small filing fee and agreed to work on the land and improve it, including by building a residence, over a five-year period.  The Homestead Act proved one of the most important pieces of legislation in the history of the American West, as hundreds of thousands of people moved to the Great Plains in an effort to take advantage of the free land.

The only personal requirement was that the homesteader be either the head of a family or 21 years of age; thus, U.S. citizens, freed slaves, new immigrants intending to become citizens, single women, and people of all races were eligible.

To formally condemn the actions of an individual or a group.

A clergyman of the Dutch Reformed Church.

A pharmacist; a person who sells or dispenses drugs and medicines.

The act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad.

Members of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

A party or group (as within a government) that is often contentious or self-serving.

Created by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1935 by President Roosevelt to combat unemployment among writers during the Great Depression.  The Federal Writers' Project volume The WPA Guide to 1930s Iowa includes an entry on Parker Butler's home in Muscatine.

Intense and passionate feeling.  Alternate spelling is fervors.

A series of protests and rebellions in states of the German Confederation.

Better known as the Irish Potato Famine, The Great Famine occurred in Ireland from 1845-1849. Crop failures were caused by late blight, a disease that destroys the leaves and edible roots of the potato plant. This resulted in nearly 1 million deaths and permanent change in the region's demographic, political and cultural landscape.

To appear unwell from worry and fatigue.

Full, sometimes hanging flesh of the lower cheeks or jaw.

An author who subtly inserts comedy and satire into their writing.

A derogatory term primarily used by the British and the Americans to refer to German soldiers.

Disbelief; refusal to accept something as true.

To influence the decisions of another person.

Constant; not changing or capable of change.

To be beyond criticism.

The Know-Nothings was a U.S. political party that flourished in the 1850s. It was an outgrowth of the strong anti-immigrant and especially anti-Roman Catholic sentiment that started to manifest itself during the 1840s. Members, when asked about their nativist organizations, were supposed to reply that they knew nothing, hence the name.

An act or behavior intended to cause harm.

"My old father"

To move from one country, place, or locality to another with the intention of settling, permanently or temporarily.

To move from one country, place, or locality to another with the intention of settling, permanently or temporarily.

Favoring the interests of native inhabitants over those of immigrants; supporting measures that restrict immigration.

To impress a person or group until they become silent.

To favor one side heavily over the other.

To evade the point of an argument by fussing about words.  A minor objection or criticism.

A series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire.

Official approval or permission.

Strongly loyal or firm in conviction.

A fixed amount of a salary or allowance.

A dependable individual who does not show their emotions or feelings.

A type of mob vengeance in which perpetrators pour wood tar onto a person and then threw feathers on the victim.

To seize and hold (office, place, functions, powers, etc.) by force or without right.

Accuracy or truthfulness.

A small farming community on the banks of the Wapsipinicon River in northeastern Iowa.

A feeling of yearning or desire tinged with melancholy.

To pull, force, or move by violent wringing or twisting movements.